Developmental Trajectories and Intentional Actions

The article turns a critical eye on problems arising from use of largesamples and complicated statistics to handle multilevel designs. I arguethat although these have a legitimate role to play in discovering causalrelations, valuable information can be lost or distorted in the processof their use. Exploratory classification and tree diagrams show howtransitional analyses can unpack effects of community, family, priormisbehavior, juvenile delinquency, and incarceration on adult criminalbehavior. The analyses showed that in the worst neighborhoods, disruptivebehavior had little discriminating power with regard to juveniledelinquency or adult crime. They showed also that good family interactionsserve as protection against crime in all types of neighborhoods. ConstructTheory, I suggest, is a way to understand the influences that seem toproduce criminal behavior.     

Going Postal: How All-Mail Elections Influence Turnout

We examine the question of whether or not reducing the costs of voting by conducting elections entirely through the mail rather than at the traditional polling place increases participation. Using election data from Oregon, we examine whether or not elections conducted through the mail increase turnout in both local and statewide elections. Using precinct-level data merged with census data we also examine how postal voting may alter the composition of the electorate. We find that, while all-mail elections tend to produce higher turnout, the most significant increases occur in low stimulus elections, such as local elections or primaries where turnout is usually low. The increase in turnout, however, is not uniform across demographic groups. Voting only by mail is likely to increase turnout among those who are already predisposed to vote, such as those with higher socioeconomic status. Like other administrative reforms designed to make voting easier, postal voting has the potential to increase turnout. However, the expanded pool of voters will be limited most likely to those already inclined to vote but find it inconvenient to go to the polling place. This conclusion is consistent with the growing body of research that suggests that relaxing administrative requirements is not likely to be the panacea for low turnout among the disenfranchised.     

芪龙糖肾方加丹红注射液治疗早期糖尿病肾病临床观察

［摘要］目的 观察芪龙糖肾方治疗早期糖尿病肾病的疗效。方法 共选择早期糖尿病肾病患者75例，随机分为两组。对照组38例仅采用常规治疗，治疗组37例在常规治疗基础上加用芪龙糖肾方和丹红注射液。治疗12周后，观察并比较两组糖化血红蛋白（glycosylated hemoglobin A1c, GHbA1c）、24 h尿微量清蛋白排泄率（urinary albumin excretion rate, UAER）、总胆固醇（total cholesterol, TC）、三酰甘油（triglycerol, TG）〖JP2〗及血液流变学指标的变化。结果 治疗后两组GHbA1c、UAER、TC、TG显著降低（P<0.01）；治疗组治疗后较治疗前血液流变学指标显著改善（P<0.05，或P<0.01），且治疗组上述指标改善程度显著优于对照组（P＜0.05，或P<0.01）。结论 芪龙糖肾方具有调整脂代谢、减少尿蛋白，改善血流以及微循环作用，从而进一步延缓病情发展。     

关于建立劳动关系协调预警机制的思考

稳定职工队伍 ,要从建立基层劳动关系协调预警机制入手 ,在预测、预审、预报、预防上下功夫 ,做好群众的思想工作 ,及时解决群众的实际问题 ,尽量防止矛盾的激化。